Vulvar mucinous cyst mimicking common lesions with concurrent multiple bartholin cysts in a reproductive-age woman: A rare case report and review of literature

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Vulvovaginal cysts are typically benign and asymptomatic, often going unnoticed during routine clinical evaluations. However, rare variants, such as vulvar mucinous cysts, can present atypically, sometimes mimicking more common lesions, like lipomas. Bartholin gland cysts, though common, may coexist with other unusual vulvar cysts, making accurate diagnosis essential for appropriate management. Case Report: A 36-year-old multiparous woman presented with lower abdominal and back pain, accompanied by a single episode of prolonged menstrual bleeding. On local examination, a soft, pedunculated, asymptomatic mass measuring 3 × 4 cm was observed on the left labia majora, clinically resembling a vulvar lipoma. In addition, multiple smaller, non-tender cystic lesions were noted along the inner surface of the left labia minora. Surgical excision of all lesions was performed. Histopathological evaluation identified the labial mass as a mucinous vulvar cyst and the smaller lesions as multiple Bartholin gland cysts, with no evidence of atypia. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in stable condition with advice to follow up after the next menstrual cycle. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of considering rare vulvar mucinous cysts in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic vulvar masses. Coexistence with multiple Bartholin cysts adds to the diagnostic complexity. Surgical excision not only provides a definitive diagnosis but also prevents future complications. Histopathological evaluation remains crucial for accurate classification and guiding follow-up.